Solanaceae the potato family 94 genera 2,950 species distribution. The family is informally known as the nightshade or potato family. Over 3000 species belong to the family solanaceae, which is the third most important plant family, it comprises a number of economically important crops, such as tomato, potato, pepper and eggplant which are contain high nutritive value, including quality proteins, mineral salts, starch and vitamins 24,38, solanum melongena l. Plants of the nightshade family stop and study the next tomato, potato or pepper flower you come across and you will quickly learn the nightshade family. It is a family mainly of herbs, with a few shrubs and trees, and contains many of our most wellknown food plants. Solanaceae a family of dicotyledonous see dicotyledon plants, mostly herbs but some shrubs and trees, having normally alternate leaves, and regular flowers which are mostly pentamerous. These include potato solanum tuberosum, tomato lycopersicon. A taxonomic inventory, covering the diversity of species in a plant group, is an important first step in conservation.
Plant viruses infecting solanaceae family members in the. Other representatives are of horticultural importance e. The calyx and corolla are 5lobed, and usually there are 5 stamens. Some species of solanaceae are known in china only by plants cultivated in. In the present survey, a total eight 8 fresh plant species under four 4 genera of the family solanaceae have been recorded from rajshahi university campus.
The solanaceae is a plant family of great economic importance. Within solanaceae, solanoideae contains some of the most economically important genera and species, such as the tomato solanum lycopersicon, potato solanum tuberosum, eggplant or aubergine solanum melongena, chili and bell peppers capsicum spp. If you would like to participate, please visit the project page, where you can join the discussion and see a list of open tasks. Gene family evolution in green plants with emphasis on the origination and evolution of arabidopsis thaliana genes. These included 39 seed fossils, one leaf fossil, five flowers, two wood and three pollen fossils table 1. This is a large family with around 20003000 species in 90 different genera, found in most temperate and tropical regions, with a large number coming from australia and central and south america. Solanaceae call for submissions solanaceae will be a single, limited edition zine dedicated to the human experience with the solanaceae family of plants, the nightshades. Vegetable plantvegetable plant families and page f their. The potatotomato genus, solanum, includes about onehalf of the species.
Solanaceae were found in the literature table 1, see additional file 1 for full details. The primary mapping resource for the entire sol project. The ovary is of 2 cells, sometimes 4, with many ovules on axile placentas see placentation, and a. This family encompasses nearly 100 genera and several thousand species. Distribution pattern this family has about 90 genera and 2000 species. Over the past decades, extensive comparative mapping research has been performed in the plant family solanaceae. Family wide phylogenetic analyses are currently in progress. Note on taxonomy plant taxonomy is the art and science of classifying plants into groupings in order to help people make sense of the huge diversity found in the world.
November 3, 2003 the purpose of the meeting was to determine the feasibility, utility, strategy and level of international interestcommitment for sequencing the tomato genome as a reference for the family solanaceae and other closely related plant. Leaves usually fasciculate on short shoots, petiolate or subsessile. The solanaceae family comprises 30004000 species that are classified in approximately 90 genera. The family is highly diverse, includes perennial trees as well as herbaceous annual species and occupies a wide range of terrestrial habitats from deserts to rainforests knapp et al. Botany classification of angiosperms part 3 family compositae, solanaceae, poaceae pdf file link. Figure 1 shows a framework phylogeny based on the analyses of olmstead olmstead et al, 1999, but using informal clade names rather than the latinized versions of the original olmstead paper. Introduction the solanaceae family comprises 30004000 species that are classified in approximately 90 genera. These are herbs with alternate leaves and colorless juice.
Bias in plant gene content following different sorts of duplication. Morphological studies on flowering plants solanaceae. Taxonomic studies on the family solanaceae in the rajshahi. They have solitary, bisexual, regular flowers with 5 rarely 3, 4 or 6 separate or united sepals and 5 united petals. This article is within the scope of wikiproject plants, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of plants and botany on wikipedia. The solanaceae is a family of flowering plants, many of which are edible, while others are considered poisonous. Nightshade simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Among them, around two lakh species are angiosperms flowering plants, while others include gymnosperms, bryophytes, hydrophytes and other vascular and nonvascular plants. Make sure you do everything that is in bold print, answer all the questions and do one of. A list of all accepted names in solanaceae is available in csv format.
The following is a list of some of the economically important members of the family, ordered alphabetically by common. According to hutchinson this is the seventyseventh order of. The plant family solanaceae is composed of at least 2,400 species of flowering plants. They are continually evaluating and reevaluating how plants are classified. Here, we used the solanaceae family as a model to investigate gene family variation among closely related species because a number of economically important speciescultivars in this family have been sequenced recently, including tomato tomato genome consortium 2012, potato potato genome sequencing consortium 2011, eggplant hirakawa et al. The largest families of plants 1 sunflower family family asteraceae with about 24,000 species.
Oct 15, 2016 the solanaceae family with its long tradition of genetic research on model as well as nonmodel species, with its wealth of genetic and genomic resources and with its relevance for human nutrition and wellbeing, is well positioned for being one of the great players in fundamental and applied plant research in the future. The petals form a corolla tube, at least at the base. C this article has been rated as cclass on the projects quality scale. The main objective of the author is to focus on aspects of our extensive knowledge of secondary metabolites in the plant kingdom in order to account for the specific competitiveness. Except where otherwise noted, content on this site is licensed under a creative commons attribution cc by licence. May 03, 2017 trick to learn floral formula and diagrams of family fabaceae, solanaceae, liliaceae neet ug. Although an effort was made to list all the major relevant information, this record is far from complete. One of the major groups of angiosperms is the nightshade or potato family, solanaceae, which contains nearly 3,000 species across more than 90 genera. A link to a photo album of members of the solanaceae can be seen a thomas elpels site below. The solanaceae, or nightshades, are a family of flowering plants that ranges from annual and perennial herbs to vines, lianas, epiphytes, shrubs, and trees, and. Although not large, the solanaceae, or nightshade family, is certainly one of the most economically important plant families. Solanaceae article about solanaceae by the free dictionary.
Nightshade or tobacco family tomato, eggplant, bell pepper, chili pepper, tobacco, and potato. Solanaceae solnasee botany a family of dicotyledonous plants in the order polemoniales having internal phloem, mostly numerous ovules and seeds on axile placentae, and mostly cellular endosperm. November 3, 2003 the purpose of the meeting was to determine the feasibility, utility, strategy and level of international interestcommitment for sequencing the tomato genome as a reference for the family solanaceae and other closely related plant families. Wellknown members of this family are chili peppers, petunias, deadly nightshade, mandrakes, potatoes, tomatoes, aubergines eggplants and tobacco because it is thought that nightshades can cause or increase swelling and pain, many people do not eat them.
The people who do this for a living are called taxonomists. Called the nightshade family or the potato family, solanaceae has more than 90 genera and nearly 3,000 species distributed throughout the world. High this article has been rated as highimportance on. The nightshades solanaceae are a family of flowering plants many members of the family contain strong alkaloids, and some are very toxic. Factors influencing gene family size variation among. Compared with the large size of the family, only few members of the solanaceae attained. Their last common ancestor lived about 70 my ago durbin et al. This article evaluates the main contributions of tomato, tobacco, petunia, potato, pepper and eggplant to classical and molecular. This genus differs from scopolia and anisodus in its zygomorphic flowers, shape. This family contains many species of great economic importance. Some members of this family include chemicals called alkaloids that may be toxic if ingested. Solanaceae, the nightshade, or potato, family of flowering plants order solanales, with 102 genera and nearly 2,500 species, many of considerable economic importance as food and drug plants. Though found worldwide, the nightshades are most abundant in tropical latin america. There are 5 stamens, alternating with the corolla lobes.
Solanaceae, alkloids, atropine, scopolamine, withania, solanum introduction. Species of solanaceae contained within the plant list belong to 105 plant genera. List of economically important members of the family. Petunia, while still others are important for their pharmacological properties and for their use within various cultures e. Chromosomal evolution in the plant family solanaceae bmc. The solanaceae, or nightshades, are a family of flowering plants that ranges from annual and perennial herbs to vines, lianas, epiphytes, shrubs, and trees, and includes a number of agricultural crops, medicinal plants, spices, weeds, and ornamentals. It contains some of the worlds most important food plants, such as the potato, tomato, all peppers, ground cherries tomatillo, and eggplant. The solanaceae, also known as the potato or deadly nightshade family is one of humankinds most utilized and important plant families. Though found worldwide, the nightshades are most abundant in tropical. As a result, a vast knowledge has accumulated on tomato genetics, cytogenetics and physiology. The historical role of species from the solanaceae plant.
Solanaceae a family of dicotyledonous plants, including herbs and a few shrubs, lianas, and small trees in the tropics. Sarfraz ahmed 0215 the islamia university bahawalpur sub campus bahawalnagar 2. Many plants are cultivated in the gardens for their beautiful flowers. Solanaceae are known for possessing a diverse range of alkaloids. Trick to learn floral formula and diagrams of family fabaceae. The family includes 2,000 species belonging to 90 genera. Many are economically important as food or medicinal plants. Cultural characteristics heavy feeders, need lots of n. In india it is represented by 70 species of 21 genera. Among the most important of those are potato solanum tuberosum. Solanaceae, liliaceae and fabaceae family an overview. Research article open access a phylogenetic framework. We will amend the catalog with additional information as it becomes available.
Factors influencing gene family size variation among related. These plants are distributed in temperate and tropical areas. Pdf the historical role of species from the solanaceae plant family. The solanaceae lesson seven insect pests of the solanaceae. Rajshahi university campus was previously very rich in plant species diversity but due to different development activities and human interfare. Pharmacognosysolanaceae plant family linkedin slideshare. The people of ireland completely depend on potato for food. Biodiversity of food species of the solanaceae family cyberleninka.
The family belongs to the order solanales, in the asterid group and class magnoliopsida dicotyledons. The recent identification of a large set of singlecopy conserved orthologous cosii markers has greatly accelerated comparative mapping studies among major solanaceous species including tomato, potato, eggplant, pepper and diploid nicotiana species as well as tetraploid. This family consists of around 100 genera and 2,700 species ranging from herbaceous perennials to trees. The below mentioned article provides an overview on order solanales, family solanaceae. Tomato is the genetic centerpiece of the solanaceae family due to its. Status of solanaceae crops research this section summarizes the status of the research in solanaceae crops and the available genetic and genomic resources. The potential of including most virus strategies is very hopeful, as viruses and viroids from more than 40 genera are naturally infecting solanaceous plants table2. Here we investigate molecular divergence times for solanaceae using a denselysampled. Editors introduction potatoes, tomatoes and a host of other important fruit crops all belong to the solanaceae plant family. The plant list includes 8,216 scientific plant names of species rank for the family solanaceae. Solanaceae and convolvulaceae are sisters represe ing the two large families of this order. Many members of the family contain potent alkaloids, and some are highly toxic, but manyincluding tomatoes, potatoes, eggplant, bell and.
Some plants have great medicinal value, some are quite poisonous. Solanoideae is a subfamily of the flowering plant family solanaceae, and is sister to the subfamily nicotianoideae. The solanaceae include a number of commonly collected or cultivated species. Having a reference genome within the family that is completely sequenced makes comparative study of cpdna in the solanaceae very reliable. The solanaceae consists of about 98 genera and some 2,700 species, with a great diversity of habitats, morphology and ecology.
The solanaceae is a large varied family of trees, shrubs and herbs including 90 genera and more than 2000 species. Solanaceae solanum tuberosum is a tetraploid 4n 48 and does not grow true to type from seed so it is propagated vegetatively by the tubers. Family description according to the plant taxonomists, it has been estimated that a total of 2 to 3 million plant species exists on our planet. Medium sized family with 90 genera and 30004000 species, with great variation in habit, morphology and ecology. A phylogenetic framework for evolutionary study of the. Despite a wealth of phylogenetic work on individual clades and a deep knowledge of particular cultivated species such as tomato and potato, a robust evolutionary framework with a dated molecular phylogeny for the family is still lacking. A cosmopolitan family, but main areas of distribution occur in tropical and subtropical regions, especially in central and south america. It is a large family well distributed in tropics and subtropics, though a few members are found in temperate zone. Perhaps the most economically important genus of the family is. I will be collecting stories, anecdotes, articles, scientific studies, recipes, artwork, songs, dreams. Plants add organic matter to soil via fibrous roots. The incredible morphological and chemical diversity, fundamental economic importance and worldwide distribution make the solanaceae one of the most fascinating groups of flowering plants. Its members are characterized by flowers with five petals, sepals, and stamens and typically bear alternate leaves. Tomato is the genetic centerpiece of the solanaceae family due to its modestsized diploid genome and tolerance to inbreeding.
None of the leaf or flower fossils showed any distinct morphological characters that allowed us to definitely assign them to the family. Pdf solanaceae belongs to that group of families, which are included in almost all. Some species of solanaceae are known in china only by plants cultivated in ornamental or specialty gardens. Solanaceae nightshade family the solanaceae family has been highly cultivated over the years it includes potatoes, tomatoes, eggplant, sweet peppers, chili peppers but not black pepper, tobacco and petunias. Iconography and history of solanaceae horticulture and. Phylogeny and provisional classification of the solanaceae. The name solanaceae derives from the genus solanum, the nightshade plant. In this lesson we will study the insect pests of the solanaceae. World, many plants of the solanaceae were a vital part of everyday life and. Ethnobotanical uses of plants of family solanaceae. The plant family solanaceae, has worldwide distribution and many of its species such as potato, tomato, capsicum and egg plant are of considerable economic importance.
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