The plant has enlarged roots called tubers which act as an energy store for the plant. This article is a list of diseases of the sweet potato, ipomoea batatas. If you are unsure about weevils in your area, contact your county extension agent or the state department of agriculture. Martins effect of age of planting material onyields of sweet potato from cuttings, tropical root and tuber crops newsletter 15. Pdf on aug 2, 2014, lynn brandenberger and others published sweet potato production find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. Spacing varies with potato variety, soil type, amount of moisture available, fertility and the amount of fertilizer applied, and potato size desired. Pests, diseases and crop protection practices in the smallholder. However, some are grown in northeastern north carolina near edenton. Sweet potatoes are usually started from young plants, called slips, that are grown from the root.
Narrow bands around the storage root, symptomatic of sweet potato feathery mottle virus top. Water your sweet potato plants weekly since a regular watering schedule will help prevent the sweet potato skin from splitting. Sweet potato roots do not experience dormancy but tend to produce new shoots at the stem end of the root figure 1. Crops grown in heavy clay loams produce irregular shaped tubers. Moisture and temperature conditions may trigger certain diseases, which will spread rapidly through the potato rows. To start them at home, suspend a healthy root pointed end up with.
Potatoes should be stored at 55of to 60of, and at 85% 90% relative humidity. Department of agriculture farmers bulletin 1881, potato diseases and their control, issued october 1941, and revised february 1948. Sweet potato virus disease is a disease complex caused by two viruses. Potato diseases are caused by fungi, bacteria, viruses, mycoplasmas, a viroid, nematode m festations, and by abiotic, or noninfectious, entities. The sweet potato plant is a branching, creeeping vine with spirally arranged lobed, heart shaped leaves and white or lavender flowers. A trade name amount of producta moa code weeds controlled remarks carfentrazone up to 0. Diseases and pathogens of sweet potato and their management 65 viral diseases 66 sweetpotato feathery mottle virus spfmv aphidtransmitted potyvirus 66 page sweetpotato sunken vein virus spsvv whiteflytransmitted closterovirus 68 sweetpotato virus disease spvd 69. Sweet potatoes are usually bedded about seven weeks before fieldsetting time. Also included are plans and operating recommendations for a moderatesized sweetpotato curing and storage facility with negative horizontal. Add eggs and sweet potato to cheese sauce, and then mix pasta transfer to casserole dish, cover with breadcrumbs, and bake for. Conversely, many openpollinated cultivars have stood the test of time in maryland gardens and will come true when grown from seed saved from the previous crop. Eb 23e field guide to sweet cherry diseases in washington by kenneth c. The common english name for this crop is spelled sweet potato or sweetpotato. Sweetpotato beetle 27 sweetpotato leafminer 28 sweetpotato tortoise beetle 29 weevil sweetpotato 30 weevil west indian 32 weevil whitefringed 33 wireworm false 34 wireworm true 35 diseases alternaria leaf spot 38 bacterial soft rot 39 dry rot 40 fusarium root rot 41 fusarium wilt 42 little leaf 43 pox 44 scab 45 scurf 46.
It is confirmed that spcsv enhances the accumulation of spfmv. The cooperation of commercial producers and home gardeners to control diseases of great concern, such as late blight, is essential. Ordinarily, 16 to 20 square feet of bed surface will be needed for each bushel. Sweet potatoes are grown from slips, which are plant sprouts from the root. Field or site selection soil characteristics one of the most important steps in sweet potato production is selecting the right soil based on the following characteristics. Potato can be grown from true potato seed tps, plantlets or tubers. Sweet potato fusarium wilt bacterial wilt storage root fusarium solani. Sweet potato virus disease spvd, caused by dual infection with the whiteflyborne sweet potato chlorotic stunt virus and the aphidborne sweet potato feathery mottle virus, is the most serious disease of sweet potato in africa.
Feathery mottle virus symptoms russet crack strain on. Seed potatoes are an important crop in montana and are a crucial quality seed source for potato production across the united states. Sweet potato centennial, georgia jet, jewel, porto rico, vardaman. Low in calories a medium sweet potato 2 inches in diameter and 5 inches in length baked in its skin is only 103 calories. Slip suppliers kansas state slips are good but they are flakey. Use only certified seed or seed known to be free of virus diseases. It is also not tolerant to water logging which can cause tuber rot. If you only need a few plants, grow your own slips from a root suspended in a container of water. Dry yellowfleshed dry sweet potatoes have palecolored flesh and are low in moisture. The crop is sensitive to drought at tuber initiation stage 5060 days after planting.
Agricultural service sweetpotatoes fruit and vegetable. I have grown my own slips, but do not do so any longer. Control strategies for sweet potato virus disease in africa. Curing allows a natural healing process to take place. Smallscale technology and practices for sweet potato growing. Planting time is assumed to be 308 manhours per acre, which includes a 10 man crew and a foreman.
Insects such as leafhopper and psyllids cause injuries to the potato that are often confused with diseases caused by infectious organisms. The most common are rhizopus soft rot rhizopus stolonifer, bacterial soft rot erwinia chrysanthemii, fusarium root rot fusarium solani, fusarium surface rot fusarium oxysporum, and black rot ceratocystis fimbriata. The forklift operator drives both the truck and the forklift. Sweet potato diseases and their control international society for.
Sweet potatoes can fall victim to several different pests and diseases. Sweet potato certification chapter 008063 rule 008063. Sweet potato ipomoea batatas l lam yields currently stand at 4. Sweet potato diseases in ethiopia, and elsewhere in sub saharan africa, are often transmitted. The symptoms are sever stunting of infected plants, stunting, distorted and chlorotic mottle or vein clearing of the leaves. Field troubles are divisible into root and stem diseases and leaf diseases.
Certified seed will produce 15 20% higher yields than standard seed. Some carbs may have a bad rep, but these taters are made of complex carbohydrates a. Since reducing the prevalence of chronic diseases is of public health concern, promoting the consumption of sweet potato leaves warrants further. The use of diseasefree mother roots treated with a recommended fungicide and planted in noninfested soils assures a black rotfree crop of sweet potatoes. Approximately 50% of the nations supply of sweetpotato is produced in north carolina. Research has affirmed the potential cardioprotective and chemopreventive advantages of consuming sweet potato leaves, thus indicating that increased consumption of this vegetable should be advocated. The sweet potato stem borer larvae will bore into the stem of the sweet potato and feed in the crown area. Planting periods in zimbabwe summer rain fed november first winterfeb april. You may have a disease problem in the potato patch one year and none at all the next. Bacterial diseases, diseases, nutritional disorders, pests, sweetpotato. Sweet potatoes university of the district of columbia.
Slips can usually be purchased from garden centers or seed catalogs. Other leading states include louisiana, california, and mississippi. Age of cultivars varieties cutting means months gem miguela chipper bonara for ages tuber weight per plant kg 2 1. To grow more plants, place several sweet potato roots about one inch apart in a hotbed and cover with 2 inches of sand or light soil. Use of tubers is the best method for potato production. Sweet potatoes are susceptible to a number of diseases during the postharvest storage period and during shipping. Product detail compendium of sweetpotato dis, pests. Sweetpotatoes are grown primarily in the coastal plain of eastern north carolina. British potato council, 4300 nash court, john smith drive, oxford business park south, oxford ox4 2rt tel. Sweet potato diseases and pests, description, uses. Martin advanced the understanding of sweet potato diseases. Sweet potato, ipomoea batatas, is an herbaceous perennial in the family convolvulaceae grown for its edible storage roots.
In the us, orangefleshed sweet potatoes are sometimes called yams, but this name is more properly applied to the true yam, various species in the genus dioscorea although wild forms of sweet potato are not known to exist today, central america and peru are. Sweet potatoes should be cured for seven to 10 days at 85of. Diseases and pathogens of sweetpotato and their management 65 viral diseases 66 sweetpotato feathery mottle virus spfmv aphidtransmitted potyvirus 66 page sweetpotato sunken vein virus spsvv whiteflytransmitted closterovirus 68 sweetpotato virus disease spvd 69. Sweet potatoes are coldsensitive and are planted after all danger of frost has passed. Spvd has been known there since at least the 1940s although it took several decades to elucidate its aetiology. Larvae and adult beetles feed on storage roots that have been damaged by other insects eg sweetpotato weevil or disease. Sweetpotato is north carolinas top vegetable crop and the official state vegetable. The forgot to send our order in 2015, sent way to few slips in 2014 and then way over sent replacements. Pests, diseases and disorders of sweetpotato applied. Sweet potato diseases and common name of fungicidal controls disease fungicide omri listed fungicide leaf spots clove, rosemary and thyme oil, neem oil, sulfur nematodes 1,3dichloropropene, chloropicrin, ethoprop, metampotassium, metamsodium, sesame oil, aldicarb azadirachtin scurf and black rot dcna dicloran, thiabendazole.
Accoiding to irfth, columbus discovered the sweet potato in cuba on his iiist voyage. Keep in mind sweet potatoes grow best in soil with a ph of 5. The sweet potato ipomoea batatas was domesticated in central and. Antioxidants help reduce your risk of chronic diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular disease. Provide protection for harvested tubers from sunscald, heating or desiccation by tarping loads if exposed for more than several hours. High quality tubers are best produced on fertile, well drained, sandy loams. The sweet potato plant is a spreading vine that performs best on lighter textured soils. Antioxidants sweet potatoes are high in antioxidants compared to other vegetables. The terms sweet potato and yam are often used interchangeably. Cultivating sweet potato cutting production sweet potatoes are vegetatively propagated with sprouts slips or cuttings taken from seed beds, which are then planted for the production of the commercial crop.
Pdf since the introduction of sweet potato ipomoea batatas l. Sepae ffii t ss li b aet sweet potato v epar brief. A medium sweet potato baked in its skin is only about 100 calories, making sweet potatoes an ideal food for weight management. Fairly clean means that the individual sweet potato is not caked with dirt and that dirt or other foreign matter does not materially detract from the general appearance of the lot. Jeeva central tuber crops research institute, thiruvananthapuram695 017, india corresponding author. He further found that circular spot was caused by sclerotium rolfsii and helped determine the etiology of bacterial root and stem rot, caused by erwinia chrysanthemi. Root and stem diseases include stemrot, blackrot, footrot, scurf, and rootrot. Compendium of sweetpotato diseases, pests, and disorders, second edition arrives as sweetpotato production is increasing dramatically in the united states. Lam to papua new guinea png some 400 year ago, the crop has. Most of the sweet potato varieties grown in east africa have white or cream colored flesh. Varieties of sweet potatoes there are two basic types of sweet potato. It incorporates new information on good agricultural practices gaps and packing line sanitation and configurations, and the results of an indepth packing line survey.
Diseases of sweet potatoes are divisible into two classes, 1 field troubles, and 2 storage rots. Some of the common pests affecting sweet potatoes include the sweet potato stem borer and the white grub. The weather plays a big part in the health of a potato crop. The vegetative method of propagating sweet potatoes is an aspect of sweet potato culture that a enhances destructive effects of pathogens to that host and b plays an important role in. Montana is one of the top five seed potato producing states. After planting, clear plastic tunnels are placed over the beds. He was the first to demonstrate that soil rot of sweet potato was caused by streptomyces ipomoeae.
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